What Is Fuchs' Dystrophy?

Symptoms

• Blurred or cloudy vision, which tends to be worse after waking up.
• Vision fluctuation.
• Vision decreases in dim and bright lights.
• Glare or halos around lights.
• Pain/grittiness in the eyes.

Types of Fuchs' Dystrophy

• Early-onset Fuchs' dystrophy: It is rare and usually affects children or young adults.
• Late-onset Fuchs' dystrophy: It is the more common type and usually affects individuals over the age of 50.

Causes

• It is primarily caused by a gradual deterioration of the endothelial cells in the cornea.
• Genetic factors play a significant role.
• It's more common in women than men.

Diagnosis

To diagnose Fuchs’ dystrophy, an ophthalmologist will conduct a comprehensive eye exam. This may include:

• Slit-Lamp Examination: A high-powered microscope that allows the doctor to examine the cornea closely for signs of swelling or abnormal changes in the endothelial cells.
• Specular Microscopy: This test is used to count the number of endothelial cells and check for damage. It helps the doctor determine the severity of the disease.

Treatment

Currently, there is no cure for Fuchs’ dystrophy, but there are several treatment options:

• Hypertonic Saline Drops: These eye drops contain a high concentration of salt and help draw excess fluid out of the cornea. Using these drops several times a day can reduce corneal swelling and improve vision. They can help manage the symptoms and slow the progression of the disease.
• Surgical Treatments:
  • Endothelial Keratoplasty (EK): This involves replacing the damaged inner layer of the cornea with healthy donor tissue. Types of EK include:
    • Descemet Stripping Automated Endothelial Keratoplasty (DSAEK)
    • Descemet Membrane Endothelial Keratoplasty (DMEK)
  • Corneal Transplant (Penetrating Keratoplasty): In more advanced cases, a full-thickness corneal transplant may be necessary.