Eye Allergies

• Eye allergies, also known as allergic conjunctivitis, are a common and often irritating condition affecting millions worldwide.
• Essentially, they occur when your eyes react to a normally harmless substance, called an allergen, as if it were a threat. This triggers an immune response, leading to uncomfortable symptoms.
• Allergic conjunctivitis usually affects both the eyes.

CAUSES

• Pollen
• Dust mites
• Mold spores
• Pet dander
• Chemicals in soap
• Detergents
• Moisturizers
• Perfumes
• Exposure to hot or dry climates

TYPES

• Seasonal Allergic Conjunctivitis: Also known as “Hay Fever Conjunctivitis” or “Acute Allergic Conjunctivitis.” It mostly occurs during the spring, summer, and fall, when trees and grasses produce lots of pollen.
• Perennial Allergic Conjunctivitis: Also known as “Year-Round Allergic Conjunctivitis” or “Chronic Allergic Conjunctivitis.” Caused by pet dander and dust mites.
• Giant Papillary Conjunctivitis: Caused by an allergic reaction to contact lenses or chemicals used to clean the lenses.
• Vernal Keratoconjunctivitis: A recurrent allergic inflammation of the conjunctiva, more common in children and hot climates, often with seasonal recurrences.
• Atopic Keratoconjunctivitis: A chronic inflammatory disease affecting patients with atopic dermatitis (AD), characterized by non-infectious inflammation of the conjunctiva.

SYMPTOMS

• Itching
• Burning eyes
• Puffy or swollen eyes
• Watery eyes
• Red eyes
• Yellow – white eye discharge

RISK FACTORS

• Exposure to allergens (like pollen, dust)
• Family history of allergies
• Chronic allergies
• Wearing extended wear contact lenses

DIAGNOSIS OF EYE ALLERGIES

• Patient History: The doctor will ask about your symptoms, lifestyle, and any known allergies.
• Slit Lamp Examination: A thorough Slit Lamp examination of eyes checking for redness, swelling, and discharge.
• Allergy Testing: Skin tests or blood tests may be conducted to identify specific allergens that trigger your symptoms.

TREATMENT OPTIONS FOR EYE ALLERGIES

1. Avoidance of Triggers: The first and most effective step in managing eye allergies is identifying and avoiding allergens whenever possible.
2. Eye Drops:
   • Antihistamine Eye Drops: These can reduce itching, redness, and swelling by blocking the effects of histamines.
   • Artificial Tears: These lubricating drops can help wash allergens from the eyes and provide comfort.
   • Steroid Eye Drops: These can help reduce inflammation, but are generally used for short periods due to potential side effects like increased eye pressure.

PREVENTION

• Minimize Allergen Exposure
• Avoid dust
• Applying cold compresses