Age-Related Macular Degeneration (ARMD): Advanced Care at Swarup Eye Centre

Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is a leading cause of vision loss in older adults, affecting the macula, the central part of the retina responsible for sharp, detailed vision. At Swarup Eye Centre in Hyderabad, we understand the impact AMD can have on your quality of life and are dedicated to providing comprehensive diagnosis and treatment to help you maintain your vision.

Types of ARMD

The condition is classified into two types:

• Dry ARMD (Non-Exudative): The most common form, accounting for about 85-90% of cases. Characterized by the gradual breakdown of light-sensitive cells in the macula and the presence of drusen (yellow deposits) under the retina, leading to slow, progressive vision loss.
• Wet ARMD (Exudative): Less common but more severe, characterized by abnormal blood vessels growing and leaking fluid or blood into the macula, causing rapid and severe vision loss.

Symptoms of ARMD

• Blurred or distorted central vision
• Difficulty recognizing faces
• Difficulty reading or seeing fine details
• Dark or empty spots in central vision
• Decreased color vision

Causes of ARMD

• Age: ARMD is more common in people over 50, with the risk increasing significantly with age.
• Family History: A family history of ARMD increases your risk.
• Smoking: Smoking significantly increases the risk of developing ARMD.
• Obesity: Research suggests that obesity may increase the chance that early or intermediate macular degeneration will progress to the more serious form of the disease.
• Cardiovascular Disease: Having heart or blood vessel disease may increase your risk of ARMD.
• High Blood Pressure: High blood pressure may also play a role in the development of ARMD.
• Diet: A diet high in saturated fat and low in antioxidants may increase the risk.
• Genetic factors: Certain genes, such as CFH, have been linked to ARMD.

Diagnosis of ARMD

If you experience any symptoms of ARMD, it's essential to consult an eye doctor at Swarup Eye Centre for a comprehensive eye exam. Some common diagnostic tests for ARMD include:

• Dilated eye exam: This involves dilating your pupils to allow the doctor to examine the macula in detail.
• Amsler grid test: This test helps to detect any blind spots or distortions in your central vision.
• Optical coherence tomography (OCT): This imaging test provides detailed cross-sectional images of the macula, allowing the doctor to assess the thickness and health of the macula.
• Fundus Fluorescein Angiography (FFA): An imaging technique to examine blood flow in the retina.
• Ultra wide view Fundus photography: To see complete fundus by taking a photograph.

Treatment of ARMD

While there is no cure for ARMD, various treatment options can help slow the progression of the disease and preserve vision. The specific treatment approach will depend on the type and severity of ARMD. Some common treatment options include:

• Dry ARMD:
  • Antioxidant vitamins and minerals: Studies have shown that taking a combination of vitamins and minerals, such as lutein, zeaxanthin, vitamin C, vitamin E, and zinc, may help slow the progression of dry ARMD.
  • Zinc supplements: Zinc supplements may also help slow the progression of dry ARMD.
• Wet ARMD:
  • Anti-VEGF injections: These injections target abnormal blood vessels beneath the macula and can significantly improve vision in many people with wet ARMD.
  • Laser therapy: Laser therapy can be used to destroy abnormal blood vessels in some cases of wet ARMD.

Prevention of ARMD

While you can't always prevent ARMD, certain lifestyle changes can help reduce your risk:

• Quit smoking: Smoking is a major risk factor for ARMD, so quitting is crucial.
• Maintain a healthy weight: Being overweight or obese can increase your risk of ARMD.
• Eat a healthy diet: Eating a diet rich in fruits, vegetables, and omega-3 fatty acids can help protect your eyes.
• Wear sunglasses: Protect your eyes from harmful UV rays by wearing sunglasses with UV protection.
• Regular eye exams: Regular eye exams can help detect ARMD early, when treatment is most effective.

Conclusion

ARMD is a serious eye condition that can significantly impact your quality of life. However, by understanding the risk factors, symptoms, and available treatment options, you can take steps to protect your vision. If you have any concerns about ARMD, schedule a consultation with the experienced eye care professionals at Swarup Eye Centre. We are committed to providing comprehensive eye care and helping you maintain optimal vision health.