Keratoconus: Symptoms, Causes, Diagnosis, and Treatment

What is Keratoconus?

Keratoconus is an eye condition that affects the clear front part of your eye, called the cornea. In this condition, the cornea becomes thin and starts to bulge outward into a cone shape. Because of this change, vision can become blurry or distorted. Many people first notice changes in their vision during their teenage years or early adulthood. However, the condition can progress over time. Early detection and care can help manage keratoconus and protect your eyesight.

Symptoms of Keratoconus

People with keratoconus may notice several signs. Often, these symptoms start slowly and get worse as the condition progresses. For example, you might experience:

Blurry or distorted vision

Increased sensitivity to light and glare

Frequent changes in glasses or contact lens prescriptions

Difficulty seeing at night

Eye strain or headaches

Sometimes, one eye is affected more than the other. If you notice these symptoms, it is important to see an eye doctor soon. Early treatment can help prevent further vision loss.

Causes and Risk Factors

Doctors do not know the exact cause of keratoconus. However, several factors may increase your risk. For instance, you may be more likely to develop keratoconus if you:

Have a family history of keratoconus

Frequently rub your eyes

Have certain medical conditions, such as allergies or asthma

Are a teenager or young adult (the condition often starts at a young age)

Although anyone can get keratoconus, it is more common in some families. Therefore, knowing your family history can help you stay alert to early signs.

How is Keratoconus Diagnosed?

Eye doctors use several tests to diagnose keratoconus. First, they will ask about your symptoms and family history. Then, they will examine your eyes. Common tests include:

Corneal topography: This test maps the shape of your cornea. It can show even small changes.

Slit-lamp exam: The doctor uses a special microscope to look for signs of keratoconus.

Vision tests: These check how well you can see at different distances.

Because keratoconus can look like other eye problems, these tests help confirm the diagnosis. If you are wondering how is keratoconus diagnosed, these steps are key.

Treatment Options for Keratoconus

Treatment for keratoconus depends on how severe your condition is. Early on, glasses or soft contact lenses may help. As the condition progresses, you may need other treatments. Options include:

Rigid gas permeable contact lenses: These lenses help correct vision by covering the irregular cornea.

Corneal cross-linking: This procedure uses light and special drops to strengthen the cornea. It can slow or stop keratoconus from getting worse.

Intacs: These are small inserts placed in the cornea to improve its shape.

Corneal transplant: In severe cases, doctors may replace the damaged cornea with a healthy one from a donor.

Your eye doctor will help you choose the best treatment for your needs. Early treatment can protect your vision and improve your quality of life.

Living with Keratoconus: Lifestyle Tips

Living with keratoconus can be challenging, but there are ways to manage daily life. For example, you can:

Wear sunglasses to reduce glare and protect your eyes from sunlight

Avoid rubbing your eyes, as this can make keratoconus worse

Follow your doctor’s advice about eye drops or contact lens care

Keep up with regular eye exams to monitor changes

Use good lighting when reading or working

With the right care, many people continue to enjoy their favorite activities. If you need help, ask your eye doctor about support groups or vision aids. Living with keratoconus is easier when you have the right information and support.

Prevention and Early Detection

While you cannot always prevent keratoconus, you can lower your risk. For instance, avoid rubbing your eyes and treat allergies promptly. If you have a family history of keratoconus, regular eye exams are important. Early detection allows for timely treatment, which can slow the condition and protect your vision. Encourage family members to get checked if keratoconus runs in your family. Staying alert to early symptoms can make a big difference.

If you notice changes in your vision or have concerns about keratoconus, consult an eye specialist at Swarup Eye Centre for personalized advice on keratoconus.